West Nile Virus is primarily spread through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Although most cases are mild or even symptom-free, it’s good to know the signs, especially for people who are older or have weakened immune systems.

Mild Symptoms

Most people infected with West Nile Virus don’t show symptoms at all (about 80% of cases), as the body usually fights off the virus without any issues. However, for those who do experience symptoms, they often resemble a mild flu and may include:

  • Low fever
  • Headache
  • Muscle aches and fatigue
  • Skin rash: small red spots may appear on the body in some cases, though this is less common.

These symptoms usually last for a few days and tend to go away on their own without any special treatment. In such cases, resting and staying hydrated are generally enough.

Severe Symptoms

In a smaller percentage of cases, the virus can affect the nervous system and cause more serious issues. This is more likely in older individuals or those with pre-existing health conditions. Severe symptoms may include:

  • High fever: more intense and weakening than mild cases.
  • Neck stiffness: can indicate that the virus is affecting the meninges, the protective layers around the brain.
  • Confusion and disorientation: difficulty focusing or memory problems.
  • Seizures and tremors: in severe cases, the virus can trigger seizures or involuntary movements.
  • Partial paralysis: though rare, it can happen in severe infections.

If anyone experiences these severe symptoms, it’s essential to seek medical attention promptly. These cases may require hospitalization to monitor and manage the infection to prevent further complications.

Prevention

The best way to avoid West Nile Virus is to prevent mosquito bites, particularly at dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active. Here are some tips:

  • Use insect repellent: especially if you’re in areas where the virus is known to be present.
  • Remove standing water: mosquitoes lay eggs in still water, so avoid having containers with water around your home.
  • Use screens or nets on windows and doors: to keep mosquitoes from entering your home.

Staying informed and alert to the symptoms can be particularly helpful if you live in an area where the virus is common.